Histology Detective and Brains Cape Essay

This contextual analysis centers around the ID of metastatic tissues †cells that are â€Å"out of place† causing tumors somewhere else in the body. Name the cells you recognized in this example of lung tissue and the principle qualities that you can use to recognize them. From the perception of the example there are assortment of cells which can be recognized as melanocytes. The fundamental qualities that can be utilized in recognizing them is their connection to the separated squamous epithelial tissue. Additionally, they are bigger and darker contrasted with the encompassing calls. Melanocytes are thickly stuffed and have just a single core. How could you utilize the fundamental attributes of various tissues that you learned in your talk and lab areas as the reason for recognizing those cells liable for the tumor? I applied my histology information from my talks in recognizing the highlights of various cells. I had information on how melanocytes and the common cells look like on a slide consequently it was simple recognizing and depicting the cells. The cells under perceptions were unusual from their look. They were bigger in size, darker in shading and round. Also. Their core were bigger contrasted with the different core of the ordinary cells and has less cytoplasm. The melanocytes on the slide is consistently darker contrasted with the ordinary cells. As per Garbe et al (2010), there exists critical contrasts between the tumor cells and the local cells since the tumor cells are boundless in the extracellular liquid, are bigger, a lot darker and all the more so 3D square molded. Then again, the local cells are stuffed thickly, littler, and stretched. Notwithstanding the data for the situation introduction (counting the sites contained for the situation itself), what other data did you find to decide the personality of the cells and whether one kind of cell had moved from somewhere else in the body? Where did you discover this data? What does every one of these extra things add to the arrangement of the case? For instance, the thing contains information from explicit tests, preliminaries, or trials, or presents examinations that can be utilized to comprehend the fundamental issues for this situation. The article â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma: European accord based interdisciplinary guideline† gave exploratory representing melanoma segments. This attested local cells can be separated from the intrusive cells by highlights, for example, course of action, structure and shading. The examination utilized histology in distinguishing the intrusive cells from the non-obtrusive ones (Garbe et al, 2010). In the NIH article, â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma,† significantly the examination depended on histology. The investigation recognized completely created melanoma and the early melanoma by arranging their histological highlights. Besides, they recognized melanoma stages and various sorts of melanoma with utilization of histology (NIH et al, 1992). In the third investigation, scientist doctors in two colleges in three distinctive melanoma instances of different inceptions in the body. Notwithstanding, all the qualities of the irregular cells were recognized to be melanocytes. The recognized unusual highlights of the cells are like the ones for this situation study, subsequently demonstrating that the irregular cells saw in the lung tissue were melanocytes (Sonda et al, 2008). What different discoveries or data for this situation are reliable with the data you found? Name those similitudes in every one of your extra assets. How do these assets apply what you have found out about recognizing tissues and cells histologically? From the article I looked into, there was closeness with the contextual analysis in numerous regions. In the first place, all the investigations and the case utilized a comparable strategy in diagnosing melanoma. They applied the cells histological attributes in deciding their status whether they are noninvasive or obtrusive cells. The attributes distinguished aided in characterization of the cells and in deciding their source. What discoveries or data in every one of the extra assets are not reliable with the discoveries for this situation? Name those distinctions in every one of your extra assets. How do these assets apply what you have found out about recognizing tissues and cells histologically? In the article â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma,† the examination stated that the cells making melanoma were the separated melanoma epithelium (NIH et al, 1992). This repudiates the consequences of the case On the off chance that your proposed goals of the case is right, what different perceptions may we hope to discover for this situation? Different perceptions we may discover incorporate metastasis of the tumor to different organs thus the patients could experience the ill effects of other aggravated issues like neurological issues, assimilation and dying. Give your answer for this case and, on a size of 1â€5, rate how certain you are in your decisions in questions 1 and 2 I would rate my certainty at 5 out of 5 as a result of the recognizable attributes of melanoma In considering your goals and level of certainty level from question 8, depict how you found the data you utilized for this situation. To start the pursuit, I began with the most far reaching information base that is Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (NINAH) (Kennedy 2009). The pursuit at that point kept on looking through motors, for example, British Nursing Index, MEDLINE. Also PubMed and NCBI were other significant web indexes which helped a portion of the pertinent articles. These web indexes were utilized in light of the fact that they contained a large portion of the companion survey articles and books. To constrain and limit the quest for articles, interior hunts of the databases was utilized by embeddings full length of writings and looking through the important articles from the rundown of diaries showed. In addition, I constrained myself to the present articles of as long as 5 years What you may do another way in the event that you had it to do over once more? For instance, OK utilize various assets and procedures? Distinctive information?First, I would utilize diverse pertinent articles to make mates of various examinations. Besides, I would take a stab at utilizing bunch work to get assessments and contentions of various gathering part. References Garbe, C., Peris, K., Hauschild, A., Saiag, P., Middleton, M., Spatz, A., Grob, J. J., †¦ Eggermont, A. (January 01, 2010). Analysis and treatment of melanoma: European agreement based interdisciplinary rule. European Journal of Cancer, 46, 2, 270-283. Recovered from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959353Kennedy, J. R. (2009). Library inquire about manual for training: showed search technique and sources. Ann Arbor, Mich, Pierian Press.NIH Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Melanoma, and National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (1992). Finding and treatment of early melanoma. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Office of Medical Applications of Research. Recovered from http://consensus.nih.gov/1992/1992Melanoma088html.htmSonda, Vemon K., MD, Zager, Jonathan S., MD, Messiana, Jane L., MD. Hemonc today. (2008, Oct 10). Recovered from http://www.hemonctoday.com/article.aspx? rid=37772 Source record

Men In The New Society

I was raised to accept that everything is made equivalent. This conviction was unexpectedly changed when I entered school. People’s discernment and assessment has in a manner stirred me to the truth that our decisions in life are now and then influenced by the disparities set by our general public. These imbalances have unfavorably affected people’s decisions and jobs throughout everyday life. These may now and then arrive in an extremely unpretentious type of formal consistence to the normal obligations and jobs that an individual ought to accept in the general public yet these are cruel types of hardship of individual’s choice and articulation of one’s being. Society’ generalizing of men and women’s job and obligations has made such a great amount of harm to individuals particularly among men. In this new age where everything is quick changing and advancing, society ought to figure out how to see people similarly and attempt to destroy generalizing in the framework. Society ought to figure out how to be reasonable and evenhanded in its dealings among people. Both are individuals who reserve the option to live as indicated by close to home decisions and inclinations, as opposed to as indicated by society’s uncalled for desires and predisposition feelings. People the same ought to be given equivalent chances to find their motivation in life as opposed to power to expect customary jobs in the family, society and in the nation. It is a reality that these days society despite everything saw ladies well than men. Ladies are managed more resilience and comprehension while men are solidly expected to do their jobs easily and comfort. This treatment is even strengthened due to more noteworthy support to the security of women’s rights instead of on the advancement of the fairness of the two genders. Studies have indicated that women's activist development is more pervasive and bolstered than men developments. For sure, society’s treatment among people made an immense separation between the two genders that in actuality energized people the same to fortify developments purportedly to state and securing their particular rights in the general public. Clashes are then elevated instead of settled. It is said that the most testing and noteworthy issue that men in the US face today is the abuse among men. This issue is secured on the truth that society’s treatment to men some of the time share the idea of persecution. Men are by and large unjustifiably denied from chances to communicate genuine self. Regularly they are pushed to accept jobs like that of being the family’s supplier, an obligation that can be followed back generally. These standards of jobs and duties set by the general public are viewed as abusive yet unrecognized by many. As indicated by Schenk â€Å"men’s type of persecution have not been satisfactorily characterized, along these lines they are seen to be non-existent†. Along these lines, society kept on setting the standard of practices and jobs for men and direct men’s activities and choices. Since adolescence, men are instructed to be extreme and solid. They are instructed not to cry or to exhibit feelings. Their brains are molded to be the supplier of the family and the protector of the nation. Should they miss the mark on these social desires they are scrutinized, rebuffed, dismissed or hurt regularly all through their lifetime for the impacts of the social molding that has been put upon them. Additionally, men have been deliberately prepared to surrender their starting characteristic, simple desire for having loosened up consideration from another when they are tense. The enormous young men don't cry rule even starts from the get-go in a boy’s life except if his folks have put forth the attempt that is expected to permit his enthusiastic discharge procedure to be left flawless. This abuse powers guys to cover up or protect their bothers, which some of the time makes the way toward recuperating one's intrinsic distinction and finding one’s potential and abilities substantially more testing. In fact social desires are more hard for men as opposed to ladies and society has not done huge activities to break this horrible and out of line cycle. Or maybe society permits the proceeded with mistreatment against men by a few establishments. Society’s foundations like the equipped administrations, the courts, police and penitentiaries, the medication and liquor ventures, the games business, and the work place has legitimately and by implication hurt men. Regardless of whether society knows about this is incomprehensible as society’s just concern is for men to keep serving ladies and the general public in the regular old conventional arrangement of reasoning and conduct. Men are likewise erroneously depicted in the media. They are dealt with characteristically and as not exactly human all through society. As a rule they are anticipated as the vicious sex and severe to ladies. This terrible projection has made a permanent imprint on the view of many even to the youthful age that makes it increasingly hard to break the endless loop of unrecognized mistreatment among men. Men in a manner do get benefit from the manner in which society sets up everybody with the jobs they are in. Be that as it may, the benefits are genuine and material. It needs substance and don't in a manner fulfill the most significant need of men which is to have positive confidence. It ought to be noticed that the absolute best of being human isn't material or material benefit, it is our human characteristics to be close, to think about others, construct numerous connections of different sorts, to feel huge and to have positive self-idea. In these territories the lives of men are positively not advantaged and for the most part not yet amazing. Then again, the degree to which men acknowledge abuse and not exactly completely human connections is the degree that they acknowledge their own persecution as well as add to that mistreatment and pass the got persecution to different gatherings. The disguise of their own gathering's mistreatment is the sum total of what that has been expected to keep up the abuses of every other gathering. At the point when anybody gets tense and carries on in a not exactly completely human way this conduct fortifies the generalizations for all the individuals in question. The persecution of men influences all men. The test to face and help settle the issues of persecution among men is so huge. At my stage now, I will be unable to try and make an extraordinary commitment to these issues. Be that as it may, my learnings to these issues in life of people would help me a ton in my choices throughout everyday life. As indicated by Benett-Goleman, â€Å"life itself can be an educator, giving us the odds to transmute the feelings raised in us. At the point when life baffles us, it offers a chance to reach past common shows and understandings toward a more noteworthy perspective† (365). My mindfulness and comprehension to these issues would then reinforce my determination that I need to stand firm on my choices and decisions. I will most likely be unable to make a critical impact in the general public however in any event I can have any kind of effect beginning from my own life circle with the huge individuals throughout my life. In any event I can without break from this horrible worldview of conduct. Reference List Benett-Goleman, Tara. Passionate Alchemy: How the Mind can Heal the Heart. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001. Schenk, Roy. Disgrace and Male Oppression. National Coalition of Free Men. Recovered February 13, 2007

BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System

BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System BPD Print BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 05, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images   More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Ever wonder what gets your heart pumping while youre watching a scary movie? Or whats responsible for your quick reaction when someone cuts you off in traffic? Or why your brain goes blank and your palms get sweaty when you have to give a presentation to a room full of people?   The sympathetic nervous system is what stimulates the fight-or-flight response when youre presented with a threat, whether its being chased by a wild animal or confronting your fear of public speaking. When no threat is present, the parasympathetic nervous system allows your body to rest, recover, and digest nutrients.   Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System The sympathetic nervous system is one branch of the  autonomic nervous system (the other branch is the parasympathetic nervous system). The autonomic nervous system  regulates the functions of organs like your heart, stomach, bladder, and intestines that take place without conscious effort. It also controls the muscles in your body. You usually dont notice this system at work because it acts reflexively in response to stimuli like a wild animal. In acutely stressful situations, a number of things happen in your brain. First, the amygdala, which is responsible for detecting fear and preparing for emergency events, sends the message to your hypothalamus that youre in danger. In turn, the hypothalamus, which links your nervous system to your endocrine system, sends adrenaline into your bloodstream. This sets off a number of physiological and hormonal changes, such as dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased alertness, and heightened senses. In addition, blood sugar and fats are released into your bloodstream for energy, so you can fight or flee from the danger.   In borderline personality disorder, the very well-orchestrated automatic nervous system is more easily triggered, which can cause serious emotional conflict, both inside and out.   The Sympathetic Nervous System With Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disruptive mental illness that affects at least four million Americans. Despite its prevalence, little research has been performed to study the neurological or physiological mechanisms behind BPD. Some scientists have suggested that better understanding the mechanics behind BPD, such as issues with the sympathetic nervous system, may lead to the creation of more effective treatment options. To date, though some drugs can help manage specific symptoms of BPD, theres no medication specifically approved to treat BPD. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, 5th edition, a reference healthcare professionals review when making a diagnosis, people with BPD typically have trouble regulating their emotions. Researchers have hypothesized that this means the sympathetic nervous system in people with BPD may be overly stimulated, causing intense or irrational reactions. People with BPD tend to display signs of stress longer than others; some studies have found that those with BPD remain in an emotional state 20 percent longer than other people.   For people with BPD, minor situations which wouldnt impact other people can cause an extreme physical response. This can create extreme stress  and anxiety, even if the stress is caused by delusions.  For instance, if a person with BPD believes her partner is going to leave her, she may become panicked and distraught, even if her partner has no intention of breaking up with her. Her heart may race, she may cry, and she may feel a rush of adrenaline and take a rash action to prevent her partner from leaving.   The cause of this heightened response is unknown. Some healthcare professionals believe BPD is caused by a mix of biological and environmental factors, including both genetics and how you were brought up. Abuse, trauma, and abandonment have all been linked to an increased risk of BPD. In one study, 75 percent of women with BPD had a documented history of childhood sexual abuse. Family history also plays an essential role as  BPD is about five times more common among first-degree biological relatives of those with the disorder. The Importance of Learning to Manage Stress Whatever the cause, because people with BPD tend to be more readily sent into the fight-or-flight state, and to remain in that state even when the source of stress has ended. Learning to manage the stress that can trigger that spiral is vital to preventing relapses and improving overall health. Over time, maintaining a state of constant alert can cause your body to work overtime. This wear and tear, known as allostatic load, can cause serious health problems. Of course, having BPD by itself is stressful. Still, there are coping mechanisms that can help you manage your mental health condition and improve your quality of life. For tips on how to handle stress, check out tips from the National Alliance of Mental Illness.

What Is Role Of Ministry Of Finance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1311 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Answer: The Role of ministry of finance is to prepare the yearly government budget, in coordination with the other ministries and public enterprises. Thus the main motive is to collect money in form of tax from the people and then spend it again back on people. This is a kind of process where money is collected from rich and spent on the general public. While the tax money is collected in the government treasury they are mostly spent on public welfare projects, defense, paying income to the government officials. Thus the role of Ministry of Finance is to back the government and its local bodies with finance related requirements meant to fulfill the public services and welfare projects. Therefore the main purpose is to implement such policies and implement such regulations as to fulfill the monetary related requirements of the government. Not only that the Ministry also takes care of its International deals and debts which are made for the security and developme nt of the country. How does the Ministry interact with other governmental entities? Answer : The ministry interacts with other government entities in written documents consisting of orders, request and appointments that are bound to be taken. An operation coordination unit is also kept in the Ministry so as to channelize the easy flow of information within the ministry to the concerned departments.There is a hierarchy like situation where in the concerned secretaries of the Ministry takes orders and respond from their respective departments. This hierarchy is classified as follows. Level I. Ministry of finance Level II. This level includes the Secretaries of different departments. These includes Public revenue, financial affairs, economic affairs, resource and info, Audit and follow up director, Legal affair s office, Quality management secretary, and Operations coordination unit Level III. The Secretaries have their respective departments consisting of corporate tax directorate, value added Tax directorate, budget directorate, treasury directorate, financial system directorate, project directorate etc. Which departments are dealing with government entities? There a number of departments that are dealing with the government entities. These include the followings departments. The Budget Directorate Economics study and research directorate Financial system development directorate The Project directorate Treasury directorate External Economic relations directorate Human and Financial resource directorate Privatization and Outsourcing directorate The role of each department dealing with government entity? Answer: The role of each department dealing with the government entity is a follows. The Budget Directorate who deals with the fixing budget amount that is required to be collected from the people in form of taxes to finance the government projects meant for public welfare and growth. Economics study and re search director works evaluation of the economic conditions of the country in comparison with the other countries. This way this department suggests the government to take appropriate actions in certain fields in the form of investment to keep the pace of growth. Financial system development director helps in directing the methods of taxing and fixing the percentage of taxes that should be levied. The Project directorate is entitled with the job of fixing the amount required for financing a project. Therefore he has to work as facilitator to finance and control the project cost until it is completed. Treasury directorate takes full care and record of the money being collected from the taxes. The movement of money occurs with proper instructions from the government head office. External Economic relations director helps in directing the government regarding the finance required to continue the projects with participation of other country. Human and Financial resource d irector helps the Ministry to decide on how much to spend on the Human Resource of the country and what are the requirements of the Human resource so as to make it competitive and capable enough to meet the International requirements. Privatization and Outsourcing director suggests the government to take appropriate actions which could help in the movement towards privatization through which the state is going to take out its finance and allow the private companies to take the public companies ahead. Also outsourcing helps the Ministry to complete its project by hiring people from other countries where the labor is cheaper. Foreign Economic Relations Directorate (FERD) is entitled with responsibilities related to various matters. Moreover the all competent authorizes matter including the matters related to the followings. Exchange of information (EOI), Certificate of residence (COR) and Mutual agreement procedures (MAP). What is the accounting system used by govern ment entities? Answer: The government entities use the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or the OECD manual for the implementation of Exchange of Information provisions of tax purposes. Thus itacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an FERDacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approved format where in all the departments of the government has to follows the same principles and report their financial statements. Thus the OECD manual helps in the implementation of the exchange of information provisions for tax purpose. What is the standard finance manual? Answer: The Standard finance manual sets the financial and accounting policies and procedures which are related to the finance. Thus these manual helps in controlling and recording of various assets, liabilities and other fund properties. Along with that the manual helps in fulfilling the commitments of the government of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The manual is often revised and features are added as per the demand of time. Thus amendment s are often seen in this manuals. Why is it published? Answer: The Standard finance manual are published with a view to meet the following requirements. To pen down the properties, funds and other assets in the Kingdom of Bahrain so as to save it from any fraud, negligence or becoming part of any dispute. To record all such transactions in the government records so that tax collection later on can be facilitated. To bring all the transactions at a certain level where they become generally acceptable and meet the International requirements regarding its reporting and method of recording. To keep the records clear and easily understandable. To bring a high level of consistency of accounting treatment through the available records helping in the decision making process of the government and its related departments. To keep a record of earnings and expenditures of the public fund collected through taxes. To figure out the requirements and obligations that are being a matter of concern. To make a financial policy which deal with the requirements of finance in the next financial year. Whoacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsible to publish standard finance manual? Answer: The Ministry of Finance is responsible for publishing the finance manual. Actually through this publications only the financial needs and requirements, the financial transactions of different departments and all other matter related to financial reporting is controlled by the Ministry of Finance. Thus Standard finance manual acts as not only administrator but also controller of following the accounting process of recording, analyzing and reporting the financial statements as per the International methods. Conclusion. In the end, we can say that the Ministry of Finance is entitled with the responsibility of taking care of all the things related to finance. Later on it issues standard finance manual so as to prefix a certain method of reporting the financial state ment by different departments so that its easier to understand by everyone and follows the generally acceptable rules being administered by the International community related to reporting of financial statements. Reflection and impression of the subject. The reflection and impression of the subject from the above we can evaluate the various benefits of reporting the financial transactions by government institution and in this case Ministry of finance and its various departments. These are as follows. A common framework to enable review, analysis and interpretation of financial information across entities, countries and regions Transparent, timely, reliable financial information to the general public creating confidence in the government. Access to efficiently priced capital is key to economic growth Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is Role Of Ministry Of Finance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

How Is Dramatic Tension Created in the Trial Scene of the...

How does Shakespeare create dramatic interest for the audience in the trial scene, Act 4 scene 1 in ‘The Merchant of Venice? In the trial scene (act 4 scene 1), Shakespeare uses many different dramatic techniques to make the tension in the court room rise and build. He also uses dramatic irony and many other techniques to engage an audience in this particular scene in the play. These techniques would work have worked on an Elizabethan audience or a modern day audience. Although, these two eras do not share the same views on some of the things Shakespeare wrote about, the same mood and ideas are given across through Shakespeares use of dramatic techniques. The previous knowledge which the audience holds about the previous acts and†¦show more content†¦The audiences tension and general interest in the scene would have built up because they are now beginning to understand just how much Shylock wants Antonios flesh. The idea of him being determined to receive the pound of flesh is repeated over and over so that the audience understands Shylocks stubbornness and his determination. The dramatic tension continues building when Portia or ‘Balthazar enters the court. Balthazar is the doctor who can save Antonio from Shylocks bond. The tension rises as the audience wonder if she will be recognised by her husband, Bassanio. Because Venice is a male dominated society, Portia and Nerissa had to dress as males to enter and to be accepted into the society. In order to leave Venice, Jessica (Shylocks daughter) also had to dress as a male. This shows that women are not accepted into the society and to gain any respect around the men, they too have to become males. This is interesting and creates dramatic interest in the scene because it would be interesting for the audience to see if Portia can save Antonios life and outsmart Shylock at the same time. The audience will be interested in the scene because they will wonder if the women will get away with tricking their husbands and if Antonio or Gratiano realise that they are in fact their wives. Portia holds some of the qualities of a man (quick thinking, intelligence and wit), and this is interesting to the audience as they can see her act as a manShow MoreRelatedThe Trial Scene in The Merchant of Venice Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Trial Scene in The Merchant of Venice Written between 1596 and 1598 The Merchant of Venice is not one of the most performed plays written by William Shakespeare. The play is classed as one of the sixteen comedy plays and most productions often use modern times and dress. It was performed in front of an audience who were not very well educated but the issues being raised in the play would have been understood. A modern day audience would be less sympathetic thanRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Essay examples2198 Words   |  9 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare was written between 1594-1596.It is classified as a comedy; it is also a work of good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In the play Shakespeare has woven together plots from different books. Shakespeare gets the bond storyRead MoreShylock as the Villain in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1948 Words   |  8 PagesShylock as the Villain in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice in about 1597. It was first performed by The Chamberlains Men at the Theatre Shoreditch. The Merchant of Venice was in the repertory of Shakespeares company before they took up residence at the Globe in 1599. The play was written as a comedy, but has become a serious drama. In order to answer the question it is vital to look at the pervading Read MoreShylock: Villain or Victim6154 Words   |  25 Pagesmonkeys. He wants revenge: Perhaps it is the loss of Jessica as well as all the harsh treatment he has suffered from Antonio - and others - over the years that makes him bitter enough to ask for Antonios pound of flesh. He cleverly argues in Act III, scene 1 that he is as much a man as a Christian is and so will follow the example the Christians set by seeking revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute. He is thrilled to hear that another of Antonios ships is lost, making Antonio more vulnerableRead MoreMacbeth9435 Words   |  38 PagesWitches decide that their next meeting shall be with Macbeth. In the following scene, a wounded sergeant reports to King Duncan of Scotland that his generals—Macbeth, who is the Thane of Glamis, and Banquo—have just defeated the allied forces of Norway and Ireland, who were led by the traitorous Macdonwald and the Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth, the King s kinsman, is praised for his bravery and fighting prowess. In the following scene, Macbeth and Banquo discuss the weather and their victory. As they wanderRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesfluent in Spanish and read books by Spanish authors. To escape total dependence on his father, he began teaching English to home-schooled children of well-to-do Mexicans. He taught English at a private girls school and also at a business college. Tension between Langston and his father eased somewhat until the two of them journeyed by horseback to Jims ranch. As they rode along, Jim revealed his plan to send Langston to a university in Europe where he could study mining engineering and return to

Winterkill Free Essays

Wintertime In wintertime the story starts of depressing and explaining how the narrator and Harley Reeves have both been laid off from their jobs. Then he goes to the bar and notices a girl who is there and his friend Troy Just has to pick up on her and uses a corny pickup line. Troy Is In a wheel chair due too smoke Jumper’s Injury, The lady at the bar was named Nolan. We will write a custom essay sample on Winterkill or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the conversation carried on and got a little more personal troy invited Nolan to go fishing with him and his friend. Nolan agreed to go fishing and then get dinner. They made their way out to the river and Less and Nolan began to talk about how cold It was and that led to Nolan telling him to warm her up. Just before they were going to warm each other up they heard a weird noise and It was Troy struggling while fishing for some reason. It turns out that troy has snagged a big fish and the tension slowly pulled him out of the chair and he was slowly being dragged on his chest down by the water. Troy was saying that he caught the big one and he needed help. Troy pleaded with Less to help him catch the fish because he did not want to let it go. So Troy and Less struggled and pulled on the line as hard as they could for what seemed like minutes and they could not get it to budge. Less kept going farther out In the water until he got to where the line was snagged and he realized that It wasn’t even a fish and Troy had gotten his line caught on a dead deer. This did not make Troy happy at all because he always thought fishing was his thing and he just got tricked by a dead animal that shouldn’t have even been in the water. They all ended up going inside and having the chicken with wine and talked on throughout the night. Snagging the deer was a confidence killer for Troy. After that he watched Harley Reeves and his mother dance to end the night, he enjoyed seeing her happy. â€Å"And I thought about the matter of trust. That I would always lie if it would save someone an unhappiness. That was easy. And that I would rather a person mistrust me than dislike me†¦ † (pig. 169) I could relate to this quote because I understood what It meant. But I did not agree with it. Retry much this salsa that they would rather beat around the bush and lie instead of be straight up with a person and just tell hem the truth no matter what it is or what affect it will have on the person. I believe in being very blunt with people and It can never turn into a negative thing if you are honest Instead of passive and always trying to say the next thing to please someone. Movie Essay The first time I saw Friday Night Lights, I was impressed by the movie and also as a fellow athlete that was playing football at the time. Friday Night Lights is a movie that takes place in Texas at a high school called Permian in Odessa, Texas and it was indented to show the true intensity and stress of being a Texas high school football player and the pressure that is on them to succeed and not only win the state title but to earn a scholarship to play at a division 1 athlete. Instantly I understood and respected the passion that was portrayed by the actors. Not only was It socially correct, the director did not skip out on showing the work that goes in before the 1 OFF field. I appreciated the detail and excitement that was created during their Journey to the state championship and everything that happens in-between. A lot of people have said that Friday Night Lights is an extreme portrayal of a sports movie. As an athlete that has played multiple sports for 10+ years it could not be more accurate. The intensity and seriousness of high school football in Odessa Texas was a well kept secret to the majority of the public and this movie shed light on a lifestyle that most high school kids never knew existed. This movie shows the true passion of anyone who loves a sport and is willing to go through anything or anyone and sacrifice their body to achieve their ultimate goal and that is to win a championship. I think this is a movie that every athlete should watch no matter what their sport is because it portrays athletes that have heart, drive, commitment and a never ending passion for the sport that they love. This movie took place in the late ass and speaking from a sports point of view not much has changed. The main character of the movie is the star running back Booby Miles. He is a god gifted athlete who has an ego as big as his linemen. Throughout the Movie Booby’s cockiness grows but with good reason because he has earned himself the title of the umber one running back in the state and is the motor that pushes his team’s offense into the end zone every game. The only down fall for Booby Miles and the Permian Panthers is that they are severely undersized but are gifted with speed. I understood how this would affect the movie and the team because any athlete’s goal while playing the sport is to become as big and strong as possible and sometimes it is a lot easier said than done but it is something you constantly work at and stress about. The social life of the teenagers in the movie was not shied away from. The Director wanted to give the viewer the full picture. Many times throughout this movie there will be scenes where these high school athletes are being confronted by people in the community asking for their autographs and being told that they are their wives favorite players. A lot of pressure is put on these young kids by the community while out in public and they are reminded all the time that the season will be a waste if they do not win the state championship and they are constantly reminded that they are severely undersized compared to the boys on the there side of Texas. I never experienced pressure this big from the community but I can relate because it seemed like every time I would have my baseball gear on from my high school or some football apparel I was always asked the same tired question â€Å"you guys going to get it done this year† or â€Å"those are some big boys with Del scholarships you think you can hang† these questions always added fuel to my fire that I kept deep down in my stomach because we were always portrayed as an underdog like Permian no matter how much we won. I did not mind that role but sometimes I think there was some recognition that was deserved but never received. Friday Night Lights was a great portrayal of how much an athlete will sacrifice Just to win a championship. Friday Night Lights showed the true hard work and dedication that it takes to be one of the best teams. When Booby Miles gets injured and cannot play for the rest of the season it made me realize that you should never take a play or game for granted because all it takes is 1 play for your whole career to be ended and oh can lose everything you have worked for your whole life. The roller coaster story I never thought of it as unrealistic one time during the move and that is rare because a lot of sports movies are predictable and not realistic portrayals of an athlete’s life. My whole life has consisted of playing sports and being an athlete and there are a lot of misconceptions and thoughts that every athlete’s talent is god given. That is why Friday Night Lights is such a good movie to get the true perspective because it is based on a true story and actual events. Nothing is sugar coated nor is it over traumatized. Friday Night Lights does not have that story book ending where the underdog team puts in all the hard work and beats the best team. In the movie the Permian Panthers lose in the state championship. This was the most realistic part of the movie because it doesn’t always end with you on top no matter how much work and heart you put into things. Minus the depressing ending Friday Night Lights is a attention grabbing story that will keep you guessing all the way until the end. How to cite Winterkill, Papers

The Purpose Of Human Life Essay Research free essay sample

The Purpose Of Human Life Essay, Research Paper The intent of human life is an unanswerable inquiry. It seems impossible to happen an reply because we don # 8217 ; T know where to get down looking or whom to inquire. Being, to us, seems to be something imposed upon us by an unknown force. There is no evident significance to it, and yet we suffer as a consequence of it. The universe seems utterly helter-skelter. We therefore attempts to impose intending on it through form and fabricated intents to deflect ourselves from the fact that our state of affairs is hopelessly unfathomable. # 8220 ; Waiting for Godot # 8221 ; is a drama that captures this feeling and position of the universe, and characterizes it with originals that symbolize humanity and its behavior when faced with this cognition. Harmonizing to the drama, a human being # 8217 ; s life is wholly dependent on opportunity, and, by extension, clip is meaningless ; hence, a human+s life is besides nonmeaningful, and the realisation of this thrusts worlds to trust on cloudy, outside forces, which may be existent or non, for order and way. We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose Of Human Life Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic premiss of the drama is that opportunity is the implicit in factor behind being. Therefore human life is determined by opportunity. This is established really early on, when Vladimir mentions the fable of the two stealers from the Bible. # 8220 ; One of the stealers was saved. It # 8217 ; s a sensible per centum # 8221 ; ( Beckett, 8 ) . The thought of # 8220 ; per centum # 8221 ; is of import because this represents how the destiny of humanity is determined ; it is random, and there is a per centum opportunity that a individual will be saved or damned. Vladimir continues by mentioning the disconcordance of the Gospels on the narrative of the two stealers. # 8220 ; And yet # 8230 ; how is it # 8211 ; this is non tiring you I hope how is it that of the four Evangelists merely one speaks of a stealer being saved. The four of them were at that place # 8211 ; or thereabouts # 8211 ; and merely one speaks of a stealer being saved # 8221 ; ( Beckett, 9 ) . Beckett makes an of import point with this illustration of how opportunity is woven into even the most sacred of texts that is supposed to keep ultimate truth for humanity. All four adherents of Chirst are supposed to hold been present during his crucifixion and witnessed the two stealers, crucified with Jesus, being saved or damned depending on their intervention of him in these concluding hours. Of the four, merely two study anything curious go oning with the stealers. Of the two that study it, merely one says that a stealer was saved while the other says that both were damned. Therefore, the per centums go from 100 % , to 50 % , to a 25 % opportunity for redemption. This whole affair of per centums symbolizes how opportunity is the finding factor of being, and Beckett used the Bible to turn out this because that is the text that humanity has looked to for intending for millenia. Even the Bible reduces human life to a affair of opportunity. On any given twenty-four hours there is a certain per centum opportunity that one will be saved as opposed to damned, and that individual is powerless to impact the determination. # 8220 ; The destiny of the stealers, one of whom was saved and the other damned harmonizing to the 1 of the four histories that everybody believes, beco Maines as the drama progresses a symbol of the status of adult male in an unpredictable and arbitrary existence # 8221 ; ( Webb, 32 ) . God, if he exists, contributes to the pandemonium by his silence. The really fact that God allows such an arbitrary system to go on makes him an confederate. The Gallic philosopher Pascal noted the flightiness of life and that the existence worked on the footing of per centums. He advocated utilizing such flightiness to one # 8217 ; s advantage, including believing in God because, if he doesn # 8217 ; t be, cipher would care in the terminal, but if he does, one was on the safe side all along, so one can # 8217 ; t lose. It is the same concluding that Vladimir uses in his comment quoted above, # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s a sensible percentage. # 8221 ; But it is God # 8217 ; s hush throughout all this that causes the existent hopelessness, and this is what makes # 8220 ; Waiting for Godot # 8221 ; a calamity amidst all the amusing actions of its characters: the soundless supplication to God for significance, for replies, which symbolizes the supplication of all humanity, and God # 8217 ; s silence in response. # 8220 ; The resort to clerking by the philosopher [ Pascal ] no less than the buffoonish hobo shows how incapacitated we are with regard to God+s silence # 8221 ; ( Astro, 121 ) . Either God does non be, or he does non care. Whichever is the instance, opportunity and arbitrariness determine human life in the absence of godly engagement. The universe of # 8220 ; Waiting for Godot # 8221 ; is one without any meaningful form, which symbolizes pandemonium as the ruling force in the universe. There is no orderly sequence of events. A tree which was bare one twenty-four hours is covered with leaves the following. The two hobos return to the same topographic point every twenty-four hours to wait for Godot. No 1 can retrieve precisely what happened the twenty-four hours before. Night falls immediately, and Godot neer comes. The full scene of the drama is meant to show that clip is based on opportunity, and therefore human life is based on opportunity. Time is meaningless as a direct consequence of opportunity being the underlying factor of being. Hence there is a cyclic, albeit indefinite, pattern to events in # 8220 ; Waiting for Godot. # 8221 ; Vladimir and Estragon return to the same topographic point each twenty-four hours to wait for Godot and see the same general events with fluctuations each clip. It is non known for how long in the yesteryear they have been making this, or for how long they will go on to make it, but since clip is meaningless in this drama, it is assumed that past, present, and future mean nil. Time, basically is a muss. # 8220 ; One of the apparently most stable of the forms that give form to see, and one of the most distressing to see crumble, is that of clip # 8221 ; ( Webb, 34-35 ) . The branchings of this on human being are symbolized by the difference between Pozzo and Lucky in Act I and in Act II. Because clip is based on opportunity and is hence nonmeaningful, human life is treated randomly and in an about ruthless mode, and is besides nonmeaningful. In Act I Pozzo is going to the market to sell Lucky, his slave. Pozzo is healthy as can be, and at that place seems to be nil incorrect. Lucky used to be such a pleasant slave to hold around, but he

Battle of Zama in the Punic Wars

Battle of Zama in the Punic Wars The Battle of Zama was the deciding engagement of the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) between Carthage and Rome and was fought in late October 202 BC. After a string of early Carthaginian victories in Italy, the Second Punic War settled into a stalemate with Hannibals armies in Italy unable to deliver a deathblow again the Romans. Recovering from these setbacks, Roman forces achieved some success in Iberia before launching an invasion of North Africa. Led by Scipio Africanus, this army engaged a Carthaginian force led by Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC. In the resulting battle, Scipio defeated his famous foe and forced Carthage to sue for peace. Fast Facts: Battle of Zama Conflict: Second Punic War (218-201 BC)Dates: 202 BCArmies Commanders:CarthageHannibalapprox. 36,000 infantry4,000 cavalry80 elephantsRomeScipio Africanus29,000 infantry6,100 cavalryCasualties:Carthage: 20-25,000 killed, 8,500-20,000 capturedRome Allies: 4,000-5,000 Background With the beginning of the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and attacked into Italy. Achieving victories at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), he swept aside armies led by  Tiberius Sempronius Longus and  Gaius Flaminius Nepos. In the wake of these triumphs, he marched south looting the country and attempting to force Romes allies to defect to Carthages side. Stunned and in crisis from these defeats, Rome appointed Fabius Maximus to deal with the Carthaginian threat.   Hannibal. Public Domain Avoiding battle with Hannibals army, Fabius raided the Carthaginian supply lines and practiced the form of attritional warfare that later bore his name. Rome soon proved unhappy with Fabius methods and he was replaced by the more aggressive  Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus. Moving to engage Hannibal, they were routed at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC. Following his victory, Hannibal spent the next several years attempting to build an alliance in Italy against Rome. As the war on the peninsula descended into a stalemate, Roman troops, led by Scipio Africanus, began having success in Iberia and captured large swaths of Carthaginian territory in the region. In 204 BC, after fourteen years of war, Roman troops landed in North Africa with the goal of directly attacking Carthage. Led by Scipio, they succeeded in defeating Carthaginian forces led by Hasdrubal Gisco and their Numidian allies commanded by Syphax at Utica and Great Plains (203 BC). With their situation precarious, the Carthaginian leadership sued for peace with Scipio. This offer was accepted by the Romans who offered moderate terms. While the treaty was being debated in Rome, those Carthaginians who favored continuing the war had Hannibal recalled from Italy. Scipio Africanus - detail of painting by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Scipio Africanus is shown releasing the nephew of the Prince of Nubia after he was captured by Roman soldiers. Walters Art Museum Carthage Resists During this same period, Carthaginian forces captured a Roman supply fleet in the Gulf of Tunes. This success, along with the return of Hannibal and his veterans from Italy, led to change of heart on the part of the Carthaginian senate. Emboldened, they elected to continue the conflict and Hannibal set about enlarging his army. Marching out with a total force of around 40,000 men and 80 elephants, Hannibal encountered Scipio near Zama Regia. Forming his men in three lines, Hannibal placed his mercenaries in first line, his new recruits and levies in the second, and his Italian veterans in the third. These men were supported by the elephants to the front and Numidian and Carthaginian cavalry on the flanks. Scipio's Plan To counter Hannibals army, Scipio deployed his 35,100 men in a similar formation consisting of three lines. The right wing was held by Numidian cavalry, led by Masinissa, while Laelius Roman horsemen were placed on the left flank. Aware that Hannibals elephants could be devastating on the attack, Scipio devised a new way to counter them. Though tough and strong, the elephants could not turn when they charged. Using this knowledge, he formed his infantry in separate units with gaps in between. These were filled with velites (light troops) which could move to allow the elephants to pass through. It was his goal to allow the elephants to charge through these gaps thus minimizing the damage they could inflict. Hannibal Defeated As anticipated, Hannibal opened the battle by ordering his elephants to charge the Roman lines. Moving forward, they were engaged by the Roman velites who drew them through the gaps in the Roman lines and out of the battle. In addition, Scipios cavalry blew large horns to frighten the elephants. With Hannibals elephants neutralized, he reorganized his infantry in a traditional formation and sent forward his cavalry. Attacking on both wings, the Roman and Numidian horsemen overwhelmed their opposition and pursued them from the field. Though displeased by his cavalrys departure, Scipio began advancing his infantry. This was met by an advance from Hannibal. While Hannibals mercenaries defeated the first Roman assaults, his men slowly began to be pushed back by Scipios troops. As the first line gave way, Hannibal would not allow it to pass back through the other lines. Instead, these men moved to the wings of the second line. Pressing forward, Hannibal struck with this force and a bloody fight ensued. Ultimately defeated, the Carthaginians fell back to the flanks of the third line. Extending his line to avoid being outflanked, Scipio pressed the attack against Hannibals best troops. With the battle surging back and forth, the Roman cavalry rallied and returned to the field. Charging the rear of Hannibals position, the cavalry caused his lines to break. Pinned between two forces, the Carthaginians were routed and driven from the field. Aftermath As with many battles in this period, exact casualties are not known. Some sources claim that Hannibals casualties numbered 20,000 killed and 20,000 taken prisoner, while the Romans lost around 2,500 killed and 4,000 wounded. Regardless of casualties, the defeat at Zama led to Carthage renewing its calls for peace. These were accepted by Rome, however the terms were harsher than those offered a year earlier. In addition to losing the majority of its empire, a substantial war indemnity was imposed and Carthage was effectively destroyed as a power.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia †His Life and Death

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia – His Life and Death Although the confrontational style of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Gregory Nino Scalia  was widely regarded as being one of his less appealing qualities, it underscored his clear sense of right and wrong. Motivated by a strong moral compass, Scalia opposed judicial activism in all forms, favoring instead judicial restraint and a constructivist approach to the interpretation of the Constitution. Scalia stated on numerous occasions that the power of the Supreme Court is only as effective as the laws created by Congress. Scalias Early Life and Formative Years Scalia was born March 11, 1936, in Trenton, New Jersey. He was the only son of Eugene and Catherine Scalia. As a second generation American, he grew up with a strong Italian home  life and was raised Roman Catholic.   The family moved to Queens when Scalia was a child. He graduated first in his class from St. Francis Xavier, a military prep school in Manhattan. He also graduated first in his class from Georgetown University with a degree in history. He earned his law degree from Harvard Law School, where he also graduated at the top of his class. His Early Career Scalias first job out of Harvard was working in commercial law for the international firm of Jones Day. He remained there from 1961 until 1967. The lure of academia drew him to become a law professor at the University of Virginia from 1967 to 1971. He was appointed general counsel  of the Office of Telecommunications under the Nixon administration in 1971, then he spent two years as chairman of the U.S. Administration Conference. Scalia joined the Ford administration in 1974, where he worked as Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel. Academia Scalia left government service upon the election of Jimmy Carter. He returned to academia in 1977 and occupied a number of academic positions until 1982, including resident scholar for the conservative American Enterprise Institute and law professor at Georgetown University Law Center, the University of Chicago School of Law, and Stanford University. He also briefly served as chairman of the American Bar Associations section on administrative law and the Conference of Section Chairs. Scalias philosophy of judicial restraint began to gather momentum when Ronald Reagan appointed him to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1982.   Supreme Court Nomination When Chief Justice Warren Burger retired in 1986, President Reagan appointed Justice William Rehnquist to the top spot. Rehnquists appointment drew all the attention from Congress and the media, and even the Court. Many were pleased, but Democrats strongly opposed his appointment. Scalia was tapped by Reagan to fill the vacancy and he slipped through the confirmation process virtually unnoticed, floating by with a 98-0 vote. Senators Barry Goldwater and Jack Garn didnt cast votes. The vote was surprising because Scalia was far more conservative than any other Justice on the High Court at the time. Originalism Scalia was one of the most well-known Justices and was famous for his combative personality and his judicial philosophy of originalism – the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted in terms of what it meant to its original authors. He told CBS in 2008 that his interpretive philosophy is about determining what the words of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights meant to those who ratified them. Scalia maintained  that he was not a strict constructionist, however. I do not think the Constitution or any text should be interpreted either strictly or sloppily; it should be interpreted reasonably. Controversies Scalias sons, Eugene and John, worked for the firms that represented George W. Bush in the landmark case, Bush v. Gore, which determined the outcome of the 2000 presidential election. Scalia drew fire from liberals for refusing to recuse himself from the case. He was also asked but declined to recuse himself from the case of Hamden v. Rumsfeld  in 2006 because he had offered an opinion on an issue related to the case while it was still pending. Scalia had remarked that Guantanamo detainees dont have the right to be tried in federal courts.   Personal Life vs. Public Life After graduating from Georgetown University, Scalia spent a year in Europe as a student at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. He met Maureen McCarthy, a Radcliffe English student, at Cambridge. In 1960, they married in 1960 and had nine children. Scalia was fiercely protective of his familys privacy throughout his term on the High Court, but he began granting interviews in 2007 after years of refusing to do so. His sudden willingness to engage the media was due primarily to the fact that his children had all become full-grown adults. His Death   Scalia died on February 13, 2016, at a ranch resort in western Texas. He failed to appear for breakfast one morning and an employee of the ranch went to his room to check on him. Scalia was found in bed, deceased. He was known to have heart trouble, to suffer from diabetes, and he was overweight. His death was declared due to natural causes. But even this event was not without controversy when rumors began swirling that he had been murdered, particularly because an autopsy was never performed. This was at his familys behest, however  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ it had nothing to do with political intrigue.   His death incited an uproar as to which  president would have the right to appoint a replacement for him. President Obama was nearing the end of his second term in office. He nominated Judge Merrick Garland, but Senate Republicans blocked Garlands appointment. It ultimately fell to President Trump to replace Scalia. He nominated Neil Gorsuch very soon after taking office and his appointment was confirmed by the Senate on April 7, 2017, although Democrats attempted a filibuster to block it.

Accounts Manipulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Accounts Manipulation - Essay Example It is a rosier picture that what it actually is. Window-dressing is accomplished in general ways - by not making adequate provisions though prudence would require them for expenses and potential losses, by taking into account income even before its actual accrual, by playing around with inter-corporate adjustments etc."Security analysts earn their money basically in part, by advising investors of both private and institutional organizations on how to invest their funds. They may judge some companies to have good future prospects which are not fully reflected in the company's share price; therefore, their recommendation will be to buy the company's shares. Alternatively, they may judge other companies to have poor future prospects which are not reflected in their share prices; therefore, their recommendation will be to sell the company's shares. While security analysts carry out their own independent research into companies they can come to different conclusions about a company's futu re prospects. However, in most cases there tends to be a reasonable degree of consensus in these forecasts (simon, 1998)"."The primary purpose of financial statements is to show the underlying economic performance of a company. The balance sheet provides a snapshot of the assets, liabilities and capital of the business; and the income statement, or profit-and-loss account, shows the difference between total revenues and total expenses. The auditors analyze and assure that these present a fair view, acknowledging the subjective nature of some of the measures behind the accounts (Economist.com, 2002)". Financial statements are prepared for the purpose of presenting a periodical review or report on progress by management and deal with the status of investment in the new business and the results achieved during the period under review. They reflect a combination of recorded facts, accounting conventions and personal judgements, and the judgements and conventions applied affect them materially. The soundness of the judgement necessarily depends on the competence and integrity of those who make them and on their adherence to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Conventions. Since each use of accounts may have a different focus in viewing the financial statement, it is necessary that the accounting statements are not biased in favour of anyone interested group. It is therefore, necessary for an accountant to ensure that the accounts represent a "true and fair" picture of the affairs of business. It may be often difficult to draw a clear line between true and untrue, and fair and unfair accounts; yet if the accountant prepares the financial statements free from any bias in favour of any user group and remains faithful to his self - conscience, chances are that the accounts thus prepared will be true and fair. As accou7ntants are human and prone to errors there would be the probability that the accounts presented are indeed less than true and fair. A reader of accounts must therefore, develop sufficient capability to see through such accounts or read between the lines to offset the biased presentation of accounts. The case of WorldCom The concept of evolution of WorldCom as a company happened in the year 1983 in Mississippi. The person behind this evolution is Bill Fields. He named the company as Long Distance Discount Services (LDDS). After some years the company was renamed as WorldCom. Since then the company grew step by step and transformed itself as a giant in the telecommunication world. The company is famous for its acquisitions of a number of small companies. The company landed in stage where no further large scale acquisitions were allowed by the

The bible from Genesis to Revelations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The bible from Genesis to Revelations - Essay Example God created Eve and Adam who later gave birth to three sons, that is, Cain, Seth, and Abel. After some time Enoch emerges and later Noah and the ark. Next, is the story of the tower built in Babel and after about 1000 years later, Abraham also appears. The story of the people chosen by God begins from Abraham. This is because God had promised Abraham that he will make him a father of a big nation and his descendants will be as many as the stars. Abraham after many years gave birth to Isaac who later gave birth to Esau and Jacob. The name Jacob later changed to Israel and Israel means â€Å"wrestles with God†. Jacob gave birth to twelve sons who later formed tribes in Israel. The tribes were twelve in number just as they were twelve. Jacob’s most famous son was Joseph. Joseph was sold as a slave to Egyptians, and later he rose to a higher rank in Egypt and because of his influence in the Egyptian government, he managed to bring his family to stay in Egypt in order to save them from famine. The story in the book of exodus starts 400 years later. In this book, the family of Israel does not enjoy the prestigious status as it used to when Joseph was alive. Most of them were taken as slaves as when Joseph died (Maartens & Van, 2011). After about 400 years later, God broke His silence with his manifestations seen when he revealed Himself through signs and wonders to the masses. God, in order to make pharaoh leave his people to go back to the Promised Land, did many wonders in Egypt. The wonders inclu ded the plagues that he brought to the Egyptians. When Pharaoh released the Israelites, God gave them directions and told them how to build the tabernacle and this marked the book of exodus. The book of Leviticus begins, but it is full of laws hence nothing much on it can be discussed. Numbers is the next one and a good part of this book is about census. It begins with a census where they count the population of

Eindhoven Model Of Incident Causation Nursing Essay

Eindhoven Model Of Incident Causation Nursing Essay Patient safety is the foundation stone and one of the central concerns in quality improvement for the health care institution. Keeping our patients safe is a challenging issue because errors and mistakes can and do occur any time. Human error is inevitable, reducing error and minimizing the consequences of error is best achieved by learning from mistake, rather than blaming attitude. Over the years, nurses have assumed roles in various quality improvement and health care risk management activities. Learning from errors and near misses helps to provide opportunities to overcome system gaps, design solutions and modify management systems can reduce the chances of future errors and prevent disaster. According to U.S Agency report (2001) patient safety practice is a type of process or structure whose application reduces the probability of adverse events resulting from exposure to the health care system across a range of diseases and procedures. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported that between 44,000 and 98,000 patients die in hospitals setting in 1997 in the United State of America (USA) each year as a result of health care errors which includes, transfusion of incompatible blood products, medication errors, foreign objects left in bodies, equipment failures, mistaken identities of patients or body parts. These errors occurred at any phase of the health care delivery system, errors with serious consequences were observed in most vulnerable clinical settings. Department of health (2001) An Australian study reported adverse event rates of 16.6% of which 13.7% resulted in permanent disability (Wilson, 1995). The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released (2001) a report on To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System On the basis of two research studies: one conducted in Colorado and Utah found that 6.6 percent of adverse events led to death, as compared with another study conducted at New York, found that adverse events occurred in 13.6 percent in New York hospitals. In both of these studies over half of these adverse events resulted from medical errors and could have been prevented. When extrapolated to the over 33.6 million admissions to U.S. hospitals in 1997, the results of the study in Colorado and Utah imply that at least 44,000 Americans die each year as a result of medical errors. The results of the New York Study concluded that deaths due to medical errors exceed the number attributable to the 8th leading cause of death. Scenario During my clinical experience, I encountered a situation where I received call from hospital incharge and reporting one sentinel event, series of e-mail exchanged and on call administrator requested me to terminate assigned staff who did an error. I have utilized my leadership knowledge and skills to the best of my understanding. The scenario was an 11 years old boy (Patient A) presented to hospital with the complaint of fever, headache and vomiting. 40 years obstetrics (Patient B) was admitted through emergency department for induction of labour. Both Patients blood was arranged and both have different blood groups. At night physician order to transfused blood to Patient A. Assigned nursing staff went to the laboratory with correct transfusion request slip and blood releasing form but unfortunately Patient B blood pack was picked instead of Patient A from the blood refrigerator at laboratory. Blood checked by same nurse with on call assigned physician before transfusion but again fa iled to check for correct identification at the bed side. Transfusion started to Patient A at 0700 hours. Shift changed at 0800 hours, over taken from night staff with blood transfusion but again verification was not done as a result unrecognized transfusion reaction occurred and ultimately Patient A expired at 13:00 hrs. I have investigated the case and requested respective assigned team and stake holders for root cause analysis. The situation was very painful and challenging as an eleven years old child died due to error but it gave me lots of opportunity to identify the system gaps in order to prevent from re-occurrence in future. As a management position, I requested multidisciplinary team to do the root cause analysis. Root cause analysis is a process for identifying the factors that underlie variation in performance, including the occurrence or possible occurrence of a sentinel event. A root cause analysis focuses primarily on systems and processes, not on individual performance. The analysis progresses from special causes, clinical processes, organizational processes and systems, identify potential improvements in these processes or systems. After did a root cause analysis the incidence was categorized as sentinel event. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Serious injury specifically includes loss of limb or function. Such events are called sentinel because they signal the need for immediate investigation and response. Sentinel events are identified under the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) and emphasized those policies helps organization to develop preventative measures. (The Joint Commission, 2011). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has placed considerable emphasis on promoting patient safety through a variety of mechanisms, including the reporting and analysis of sentinel events that can lead to modifications and improvements in policy and practice within health care settings. We must apply the same principles learnt from our experiences. When a sentinel event occurs in a health care organization, it is necessary that appropriate individuals within the organization be aware of the event, investigate, understand the causes that underlie the event, and make changes in the organizations systems and processes to reduce the probability of such an event in the future. As a key management position it is my prime responsibility to work as a team with multidisciplinary approach, take as an opportunity to improve the system and ensure the compliances of the institution policies and procedure by nursing division. An organized approach for identification, analysis and evaluation of risks and the devising a plan to decrease the occurrence of accidents, incidents and injuries (Sullivan Decker, 2000). The Institute of Medicine has designed six aims for improving the delivery of care in the United States which includes; Safe, effective, efficient, timely provision, equitable and Patient centered approach in order to provide safe and quality health care services. (Institute of Medicine, 2001). According to Pelletier and Beaudin (2004) The Institute of Medicine defines healthcare quality as the extent to which health services provided to individuals and patient populations improve desired health outcomes. The care should be based on the strongest clinical evidence and provided in a technically and culturally competent manner with good communication and shared decision making. During root cause analysis I came across lots of areas which was identified for areas of improvement that, leadership needs to provide resources in order to provide quality services as evidence by provision of resources was absent in laboratory which resulted that in night shift staff went to receive blood by herself and no check and balance of patient identification was done. However, it is not clearly defined in the policy that what will be the mechanism of check and balance at laboratory end. At secondary hospital laboratory services timing is from 0800 hours to 2300 hours, but what if need arises after wards. It was taken as a granted that services will not require in night timings. In addition, it was not clearly defined in the blood transfusion policy which defines the first steps of checking blood for correct identification at laboratory level. According to Daniel (2004) Clinical Management refers to diagnosis, treatment planning and delivery and ensuring the correct identific ation of each patient and procedure. As a nursing departmental heads the need was identified to review the policies and procedure, structured quality assurance program and Total Quality Management system (TQM) is required in order to prevent from reoccurrence. TQM is a management philosophy that emphasizes a commitment to excellence throughout the organization (Sullivan Decker, 2000). Total Quality Management (TQM) is a sub-discipline of management science which deals with the issue of standardization and enhancement of organizational performance. According to Khan (personal communication November 20, 2012) research was carried out in 2006-2009 by for critical analysis of TQM implementation in Pakistani organizations located on geographical basis. This study explores the factors influencing the success and failure of the TQM program in the organizations. It particularly explores how these programs work within the context of various organizational profiles, dynamics and culture. The study found that TQM implementation is heavily dependent on various factors related to organizational context and culture. It also identified that the end results and changes expected by organizations from TQM implementation are not only dependent on its own framework but on many other cultural related intermediate impacts. These intermediate impacts are mostly related to organizational dynamics and culture and are ignored in most of the firms, resulting in early failure of TQM. Based on the findings of this research and the practical experience of implementing TQM in different organizations, the author also proposes a new framework of TQM implementation named as MSAC cycle i.e. Mobilization (trial phase), Standardization (Short term phase), Acclimatization (mid-term phase) and Culturization (long term phase). This study and the proposed TQM implementation framework is quite valuable for the organization who are presently implementing or desirous to implement TQM more effectively and successfully. The Aga Khan University Hospital started its operation in 1985. Basic quality assurance methodologies were introduced and from 1994 onwards, the continuous quality improvement (CQI) model of AKUH fostered a positive culture of change by establishing lots of core quality activities across the clinical and managerial disciplines; which includes, quality circles, basic quality control tools, education and training in quality, monitoring of quality indicators, health care professionals credentialing, Patient complaints, Patient satisfaction, morbidity and mortality reviews, nursing quality assurance program and quality grand rounds. Finally in 2006, AKUH acquired the gold seal of international accreditation in health care by the Joint Commission International Accreditation (JCIA) with the unique distinction of being the first hospital in Pakistan and among few universities based hospitals in the world to get the quality recognition. AKUH is now on the expansion and integration phase of i ts quality journey, the central driving force towards its quality vision is improvement of processes and outcomes and achieving a strong customer orientation towards both external and internal customers. This will be achieved through concentrating on the goals and strategies of the hospital and all its departments to these three major themes that is improvement in quality of care, services and cost-effectiveness. It is widely recognized that quality indicators or performance indicators can give a valuable insight into the quality of care being provided to patients. Performance indicators are best way to learn and improve, but to instill ownership in the heart of every individual is the key to having meaningful indicators. Thus making performance indicators a part of a physicians and nursing performance evaluation not only ensure that they actively participate in improving their own performance, but also ensure that, quality of care provided to the patients is always and continuously improving. In this clinical situation I also participated in developing the policies with multidisciplinary team and tool in order to control quality system and to evaluate the compliances of practice for sustainability. Fostering a culture of safety requires more than introducing new policies and procedures. Developing a culture of safety requires critical thinking, problem solving, risk identification management and human factor training. The relevant literature and websites on patient safety program has suggested many safety related performance indicators and sy stems of check and balances which can ensure patients safety during patients stay at hospital. A systematic and multidisciplinary approach is, therefore, very imperative to pick-up medical errors and devise strategies to reduce them as it defiantly plays an important part in patient safety. Literature Review The literature review will address overall concept of patient safety and its related issues and concerns, international perspective of error occurrences, safety related performance indicators and measures to create positive safety culture. Several studies are carried out on measuring and evaluating patient safety and outcomes at several health care institutions (Baker 2003; Arah, 2004; Colla, 2005; Karsh, 2006). According to Colla (2005) Achievement of a culture conducive to patient safety may be an admirable goal in its own right, but more effort should be expended on understanding the relationship between measures of safety climate and patient outcomes. The Luxembourg Declaration on Patient Safety (2005) has observed that the health sector is a high-risk area because adverse events, arising from treatment rather than disease, can lead to death, serious damage, complications and patient suffering. Although many hospitals and healthcare settings have procedures in place to ensure patient safety, the health care sector still lags behind other industries and services that have introduced systematic safety processes. Almost fifty percent of joint commission standards are directly related to safety, addressing such issues as medication usage, infection control, surgery and anesthesia, blood transfusions reactions, staff credentialing, fire safety, medical equipment, disaster management, risk identification and management, sentinel event monitoring, safety and security structures. These standards address a number of significant patient safety issues, including the implementation of patient safety programs; the response to adverse events when they occur; the prevention of accidental harm through the prospective analysis and redesigning of vulnerable patient systems and its the organizations responsibility to transparent and take ownership and accountability. Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) reports (2001) has suggested the same that to review best practices from scientific literature, Redesign care based on best practices through collaboration of multiple departments, Evaluate technology solutions, Implement performance measurements and Monitor selected measurements and present summary reports to senior leadership. Moreover, the Advisory Board Research document supports the type of error mentioned in the AHRQ 2000 reports that the most common errors per 1,000 visits are: 65 incidents per due to adverse drug events, 60 incidents due to hospital acquired infections, 51 incidents related to procedural complications and 15 incidents related to falls. Besides analyzing the common errors in terms of patient safety, Mrayyan and Huber (2003) discussed three aspects of patient safety issues. First is the fear that is whenever any unfortunate incident happens and it is publicized; it creates fear and apprehension among team members. Second issue is errors as a system problem, which involves repetition of same type of error that requires close and immediate interventions. Third is the link between errors and inadequate resources that means inadequate number of staffs or inadequate trained staff that can jeopardize patient safety. The medical error and harm to patient safety does not only let the patient suffer but brings an impact on society at large. The Danish Society for Patient Safety (2005) discussed the effects that adverse events can have on patients; health care personnel and society at large are significant. Patients may suffer both physically and psychologically from sufferings created by the injury itself, but also by the way the incident is handled. Health care personnel on the other hand may experience shame, guilt and depression, with litigations and complaints imposing an additional burden. Society at large suffers from a lower quality of life of its members, with associated extra health care costs but also costs caused by a lower productivity of the society. After root cause analysis I also felt that it is necessary to have interaction one is to one basis to relevant health care personal who did an error in order to sensitized them and mentored through education path rather than terminating the employee, give them insight that the will be the future ambassador for patient safety because, I personally believe that quality reflect when person itself willing to do so, it should be our constant commitment towards organization that patient safety should be our top priority, which infuses the entire organization, for that it is mandatory that first we should acknowledge the error then promote blame-free environment where individuals are empowered to report errors without any fear and punishment so they can willingly address safety concerns. Daniel (2004) explains that, what can be done today to improve patient safety while we are waiting for evidence on effective interventions. First, we need leaders those at the top of organizational charts as well as leaders at all level, second, we need to focus on comprehensive systems of safety rather than attempting to address safety one problem at a time. Three elements comprise comprehensive patient safety: active case finding, methodical analysis, and system redesign. Patient safety initiatives and programs vary from institution to institution but the aim remains the same that is reducing errors and promote safety. Klazinga and Arah (2004) said it is evident that current efforts focus too narrowly on the patient with little explicit linkage to wider aspects of health system safety. Risks management entails reducing harm not just to patients but also to staff, visitors and the environment including society. Some of the patient safety alternatives and solutions proposed by Mrayyan and Hubber (2003) are emphasizing on strengthening system of error reporting and correction that is error detection and reporting system within organization to reduce medical error, patient education in all aspects of care and applying risk management skills by healthcare personnel. In addition, creating an information system and building evidence base for patient safety, analyzing the impact of various management practices like staffing, increasing of medical errors and high risk population and monitoring error rates with necessary actions can reduce medical errors and also use of information technology can work towards enhancing patient safety. Besides all this, commitment of the healthcare professional to reduce errors and promote safety in any organization enhances safety not only for patients but also for the healthcare staff and society in general. This position paper related to sentinel event also gives me insight to do a self-reflection of my job related competencies as a key management representative. I personally believe that, Knowledge can be achieve by reading literature but the art of utilizing that knowledge and skills will give confidence to fulfill job in an effective way. According to (Barker, Sullivian Emery 2006). describe three key roles organized in to three categories called interpersonal roles, informational roles and decisional roles. In interpersonal roles manager has lots of job responsibilities in order to full fill organizational goals, informational roles comprises of monitor and disseminator as that manager is the focal person and considered an as nerve center. Third category is decisional roles which consist of entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator. The first two categories are related to day to day operation However, the third category need that how manager use his/her c ompetency in clear direction which meet the organization vision and mission. Integration of Model There are number of the clinical theories and models regarding the human error are discussed in management. Among which I have selected the Eindhoven model of incident causation. Eindhoven Model of Incident Causation: This model was originally developed to identify root causes of safety related incidents in the Netherlands and has since been tested in industrial and health care settings. The Eindhoven Model of incident causation identifies three main causes of error: human operator, organizational and technical failure. These failures, alone or in combination, are through responsible for reinitiating a chain of events that may ultimately lead to an adverse patient outcome. In performance improvement terminology, such a failure would be considered the root cause of an incident. According to this model, high risk situations will develop into incidents if inadequate system defenses are available to remediate the problem. The Eindhoven Model of Incident Causation served as the theoretical basis for developing the Eindhoven Classification Model, which has since been adapted for the health care domain (Jacob Cherry 2011). This classification model claims that errors occur either because of active failu res or latent conditions. Human Operator Error: (Active failure): Human operator errors are those made by individuals at the sharp end by health care workers. They are also referred to as active failures or active errors. Active failures fall into three major categories; skill based, rule-based or knowledge-based. Skill based error occur when an individual makes an error during the performance of a routine task that requires little conscious effort as evidence by its routine practice of nurses to bring blood from laboratory or its routine to take daily over from upcoming shift but in different intervals but nurse fails to check for correct identification with patient name and medical record number. An example of a skill based error would be a nurse forgetting to push the start button on an IV pump after priming the tubing. A rule based error occurs when an individual fails to perform a procedure or protocol correctly or chooses the wrong procedure as in this sentinel event nurse and physician fails to compliance with policies and procedure as a res ult wrong blood was transfused. An example of a fuel-based error is a phlebotomist failing to check the patients identification before obtaining a blood specimen. A knowledge based error refers to the conscious but incorrect application of existing knowledge to a new situation. An example of a knowledge-based error would be when first patient develop fever or sign of reaction she took as an granted and stop blood for time being neither nurse or physician utilized their knowledge and integrated theory in to practice or critically analyze that what would be the possible reasons for fever. Human errors have typically been the focus of traditional incident report monitoring because they are more obvious that latent conditions. Although some of the factors leading to human error are amenable such as knowledge deficit, staffing shortages, work over load etc. Technical or organizational error (Latent Condition/ Latent error): Technical and organizational errors are referred to as latent condition or latent errors. Latent conditions result from sanctions or decisions made by administrators or others in leadership positions that affect technical issues, organizational policy or the allocation of resources. These errors are called latent because of the delayed and unintended consequences that may affect patient safety at a later point. Technical error occurs when there are problems with equipment, forms, labels, etc. (e.g. a computer does not print out patient identification labels in a timely manner). Organizational error can be related to various, often complex issues involving management priorities and organizational culture. An Example of a latent error would be an organizational decision not to use a computerized provider order entry system which results in a high number of medication errors related to illegible handwriting. Other Error (Unclassified): A third category in the Einhoven Classification Model accounts for errors that cannot be classified as active or latent. In health care, such errors are generally due to patient-related factors that contribute to error, for instance, if patient gave the history of allergy and this can lead to potential medication error. An error whose cause cannot be placed in any category (i.e. latent, active, or patient-related) is termed unclassifiable. In order to continuous quality improvement and promote patient safety culture it is necessary to promote culture of reporting of errors is the first step along with a constructive process towards understanding that what factors within a system enable an error to take place. This systems approach is gaining ground and many hospital administrators are becoming well versed in its theory and practice. To promote a culture of safety the leadership of an organization promulgates an atmosphere in which the reporting of errors is welcomed, so that others may benefit from knowledge of the situation and can develop strategies based on the data. A major element of this framework is a non-punitive stance towards the individual who reports or who has involved in an incident. In a just culture an organization lets its employee know that they will not be disciplined for making mistakes and that the leaders value the importance of learning from mishaps and seek to improve the system that allowed the m to occur. Recommendation Based on sentinel event which I address in my position paper and in light of literature, I would like to recommend few suggestions/ recommendations to strengthen our quality system. First in order to promote in healthcare organization, major emphasis required in order to create non-punitive environment where health care workers can report events, errors and near misses without fear of reprisal or disciplinary action. Next, the risk management forum should be structured at organizational level where relevant multidisciplinary key stake holders should identified in order to take ownership and facilitate clinicians and organizational managers at all levels, the in order to create such an atmosphere which promotes patient safety culture in an organizations. Needs to develop and implement a reporting system that encourages and enhances reporting by all department and staff. Educate all clinicians, staff, and management personnel on the nature and importance of the event reporting process, including disclosure and discovery issue. Needs to do timely and accurate documentation of sentinel events help organizations improve their safety and quality of care and learn from other organizations unexpected outcomes, which allow other health care organizations to be aware of the possibility of certain sentinel events, thus giving staff the time and knowledge to develop strategies to avoid these events before they actually occur. Utilization of event report data to trend and analyzes organizational risks and distributes this information to appropriate staff of the organization so that risk-prevention measures can be developed and implemented. Last but not least provide clinicians and staff ongoing feedback on their risk-reduction efforts, results of event reporting should be discussed at the departmental level, and input on corrective actions/process improvements should be solicited. Conclusion: In conclusion, I must say that errors can occur at any point in the health care delivery system. Acknowledging that errors, learning from those errors, and working to prevent future errors represents a major change in the culture of health care, a paradigm shift from blame and punishment to analysis of the root causes of errors and strategies to improve systems and processes by implementing patient safety measures which provide an objective, validated measure for identifying Potential Safety Issues. Management should make an effort to break down barriers by adopting non-punitive cultures based on industry best practices. This will sheds new light on traditional methods for removing reporting barriers, develop employee commitment to recognize and report errors or incident occurrences. When the staff proactively participates in reporting, the reporting process becomes a vehicle for making practices improvements in the delivery of patient health care and management receives information that otherwise would not be available. As one manager said, if nobody reports it, you dont know. When some occurrences are not reported, management receives limited information on which to base their decision. It goes without saying that better data mean better decisions. According to Daniel (2004) the goal should be not only to increase the number and quality of reports but also to increase their usefulness as rich sources of information for the generation of strategies tactics aimed toward medical-error reduction (p. 27). According to Minesota Alliance for Patient Safety (2005) safety culture is not blame-free approach; it is an approach that balances the need to promote open reporting and the need to hold practitioners accountable for their behavioral choices. Hospitals should identify potential safety issues, having proactive approach, measure baseline performance, and set priorities for process improvement efforts. Using this methodology, hospitals can implement patient safety program with minimal investment on their part. Informational reports can be generated and disseminated to proactively identify safety issues and drive improvements for the better health care outcomes.